System of electrical distribution.



E, BAUER. SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED IULY I7, I9I6.

Patented Dec. 31, 1918.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ERNST BAUER, 'OF NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO U. S. LIGHT & HEATCORPORATION, OF NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

sYsrrm or ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

Applicationfiled u1y 17, 1916. Serial No. 109,614.

To all whom itmag concern:

Be it known that I, Elmer -BAUER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Niagara Falls, in the county of Niagara and State of NewYork, have invented 'new and useful Improvements in Systems ofElectrical Distribution, of which the following isa specification.

This invention relates to systems of electrical distribution.

More particularly the invention relates to car-lighting systems in whichthe generator, driven by the car axle, supplies a variable voltage forcharging a storage battery'and su p ying a translation circuit.

'cuit are connected in parallel branches across the generator terminals.Inasmuch as it is necessary to imprws a higher voltage upon the batteryfor charging same than said battery will deliver upon discharge, it isnecessary to provide some means for cutting down the voltage on thetranslating devices when the generator is operating. It

is common 'practlce to utilize for this purpose a variable resistancewhich will mainthe battery discharging volta e to the voltage desiredacross the trans ating devices. When the generator is operating, 1t willbe necessary to operate said variable resistance through amuch largerrange. When the battery is on discharge, with the generator at rest, .itis desirable to be able to reduce the variable resistance to a minimum.It is common practice to operate the variable resistance by means of themagnetizing action of; electrical windings. In order. to reduce thevariable resistance to a minimum, it is necessary to remove some of theeffect of the electrical windings. The present invention relates tomeans for accomplishing this r'esult;

One of the objects of the'present inven tion is to provide a carlighting system having an automatic regulator for the lamp circult inwhich the standard of operation of" the operating means for saidregulatorwill be varied, depending upon whether stor.

Specification of Letters Patent.

he storage battery and translation cirmatic-switch will open.

age battery or the generator is supplying said lamps.

,A further object is to provide a system involving a variable speedgenerator, a storage battery and a translation circuit, said translationcircuit being provided with regulating means controlled in difierent'manners, depending upon the operativeness of the generator, thetransition between the modes of control being efl'ected insuch manner asto avoid flickering of the lights.

A further object is to provide a system in which the connections of theoperating PatentedDec. 31, 1918. 1

means for the lamp regulator are controlled in response to the action ofthe automatic switch.

A further object is to provide a system of the kind above referred towhich is devoid of complications and little liable to get out of order.

Further objects will be apparent as the description proceeds.

The one figure of the drawing is 9. diagrammatic view illustrating oneembodi ment of the invention.

The variable speed generator is indicated by the numeral 1. Thisgenerator may be driven bya car axle. The generator 1v supplies leads 2and 3, across which the storage battery 4; and lamps 5 are connected inpar-- allel. The lead 2 is provided with an automatic switch 6 which mabe of any. preferred construction. It 1s provided with an operating coil7 connected across the terminals of. the generator 1 and it is alsoprovided with the usual holding coil 8 con nected in series with thelead 2. The automatic switch. 6 will close when a predetermined voltageis impressed across the generator-terminals. This voltage will be chosenat a valuesuflicient for charging the storage battery 4. 'Should: thevoltage of the generator 1 decrease below said predetermined value, thebattery will tend to discharge through said generator, reversing thepolarity of the series coil 8, whereby coils and 8 will be in oppositionand the auto- Connected in the lead.3 between the age battery 4; and thelamps 5 is a regulator 9, indicated asa carbon pile. .The carbon 'ile 9is operated by means of a bell crank ever 10, pivoted at the point 11.The bell 'crank lever 10. is operated by the core 12,

which core is provided with a'pair of oper- 7 being developed by thegenerator-which, at

attracted in an upward direction by the coils 13 and 14, pressure willbe released. from the carbon pile 9, increasing the resistance thereof.Conversely, when the core 12 1s allowed to sink to its. lowermostposition, the carbon pile will be compacted, decreasing the resistancethereof. t

It will be noted that the operating co l l is connected directly acrossthe lamps 5i and is at all times responsive to voltage changesthereacross. The operatingcoil 14 is'conthe. yoltage of saidsourceivaries between zero and a value suflicient for charging saidnected across the system between the lead .3

and thelead 2. It willbenoted, -however,

that the connecti on'ilw'ith'the lead 2 is on the generator side'of theautomatlc switch 6,,whereby .when said automatic switch 61 is open,aswhen the generator'isfinoperative, theoper ating coil. 14 will bedisconnected from the lamp circuit and will be energized only inproportion to the voltage thetime that the automatic switch is open,

is less than the voltage of the storage battery and less than thevoltage impressed acrosssolenoid 13. v A mode of operation of the abovedescribed embodiment of the invention is sub stantially as follows: i II Starting withthe" enerator operative and the automatic switc closed,the operating coils-13 and 14 will act cumulatively to control thecarbon-pile 9'to maintain a substantially constant voltage across thelamps 5.

When the generator becomes inoperative, as when the train's'lows. down,the automatic switch will open' and thestorage battery 4 will supplythe. lamps 5 but at a lower voltage than 'was delivered b y thegenerator 1.

It may be necessary to control the voltage delivered by the battery, asin the case of a freshly charged --battery when the voltage may beslightly'higher than normal. S uch excess voltage of the battery will becut down by the carbon pilei9'actin under'the influence of the coil 13.Theco 14 at this time is energized in proportion to the voltagedeveloped by the generator and as the generator slows down to rest,"theeffect of coil 14 willbe reduced to. zero. The reduction in the efi'ectof'c'oil 14 permits the core 12 to-sink, whereby the bell crank lever 10may exert its maximum pressure on the carbon pile 9. When the generatoragain becomes operative, the automatic switch will close and the coils13 and 14 will again act cumulatively to control the carbon pile. Therewill be no sudden increase in the pull on core "12, inasmuch as theenergization of coil 14 has increased as the generator voltage increasedto the point necessary to close the automatic switch.

One embodiment of. the-present invention has been described in detail.Various modiregulating fications will occur to those skilled in the art.

invention as defined by the appended claims. What I claim as new anddesire to secure by Letters :Patent of the United States is 1.111 a carlighting system, in combination, a variable source of electrical supply,a

storage battery and a translation circuit,

means for said translation circuit, a pair of operating coils 'for'saidregulatingmeans, and means whereby the effect of one of said coils isgradually changed as battery. I

2. In a tion, an automatic sw1tch',,a translation circuit, regulatingmeans for said translation circuit, and a pair of operating means for'said regulating means, one of which isconnected across said system onone side of said automatic switch and the other of which'is connectedacross said systemon the'other" side of said. automatic switch.

3. In combination, a generator, a pair of automatic switch in one ofsaid leads between said generator and said battery, a regulator for.said lamp circuit, a pair of operating coilszfor said regulator, an endof each coil 4. In combination, varying potential leads,

car lighting system, ins'combinaleads, a storage battery and lampcircuit ,connected in parallel across saidleads, an

a storage battery and a lamp'circuit con- I nect-ed thereacross .inparallel, an automatic switch in one of said leads, a regulator for saidlamp circuit, and a .plurality of operating coils therefor, one ofsaidcoils being connected between one side of said lamp circuit and toone of said leads on the side of said automatic switch remote from saidlamp circuit.

5. In a car lighting system, in combination, a generator, a storagebattery, an automatic switch responsive to the generator voltage, and alamp circuit, a regulator for said lamp circuit, controlling means forsaid regulator, the standard of said controlling means being graduallyvariable as the generator voltage varies between zero and the v tion, avariable source of electrical supply, a

storage battery and a translation circuit, regulating means for saidtranslation circuit, operating means for saidregulating means, and meanswhereby the standard of said operating means is gradually changed whenthe voltage of the source is below a predetermined value.

7. In a car-lighting system, variable po-- tential leads, an automaticswitch, a storage battery, a lamp circuit, a regulator for said lampcircuit, two operating coils for said regulator, one terminal of eachcoil being connected on opposite sides of said automatic switch on oneside of the system, the other terminals of said coils being connected tothe other side of the system.

8. In a car lighting system, in combination, a variable source ofelectrical supply,

a storage battery and a translation circuit,

' regulating means for said translation circuit,

a pair of cumulatively acting operating coils for said regulating meansconnected across sald translation c1rcu1t, and means for cuttlng out oneof said coils from across said trans- In witness whereof, I havehereunto sub 1 scribed my name.

ERNST BAUER.

